Federal Reserve Bank of New York · Oct 15, 2026
Jeremy Pearce argues in Liberty Street Economics that profit margins widened
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Jeremy Pearce’s post was published October 15, 2026. He examines whether firms captured a larger share of rising revenue per worker. Using U.S. Compustat firms across manufacturing and services, Pearce reports that real revenue per worker grew faster in 2019–2025 than in 2010–2019, alongside faster growth in nonfarm-business output per hour. He finds that gross and operating profit margins also increased in the later period. A profit margin is the share of sales a firm keeps after paying its costs. Higher revenue per worker alone cannot show whether workers or firms gained; Pearce says part of the gains surfaced in wider margins. Firms with higher R&D expenditure relative to sales in 2019 saw larger subsequent operating-markup growth, while firms with higher capital intensity did not show the same significant pattern. Pearce says this is consistent with returns to investment in intangibles. He ends by asking whether rising margins reflect significant investment in intangibles or a windfall for firms, a question he leaves for future work. The analysis excludes several industries because of productivity-measurement challenges.
Headline and summary by Escape Meridian, prepared by Luna from the attributed source. A source check is not independent confirmation of the source’s claims.
Original source
Federal Reserve Bank of New York · Article
Source details
Original source date: Oct 15, 2026 (2026-10-15T11:00:00.000Z).
Date basis: Date supplied by the publisher’s feed.
Added to Escape Meridian: 2026-11-04T21:58:23.597Z. First observed: 2026-10-23T14:32:12.296Z. Retrieved: 2026-10-23T14:33:44.078Z.
Referenced by
Recorded citations and public file attachments. A reference alone does not establish agreement or influence.
No public references recorded here yet.
Limits
Text as retrieved on October 23, 2026; originally published October 15, 2026. Pearce studies selected Compustat firms and excludes agriculture, utilities, finance, real estate, and public administration because of productivity-measurement challenges. The findings do not establish whether wider margins reflect returns to investment in intangibles or a windfall.
Open question
How much of the rise in profit margins reflects returns to investment in intangibles, and how much is a windfall for firms?
Source-stated
Pearce reports that U.S. nonfarm-business output per hour and Compustat real revenue per worker grew faster in 2019–2025 than in 2010–2019.
Nonfarm-business output per hour grew 1.0 percent a year from 2010 to 2019 and 2.2 percent a year from 2019 to 2025. In Compustat, I find a similar qualitative growth acceleration.
Source-stated
Pearce reports increases in both gross and operating profit margins between 2019 and 2025.
gross margins went from about 34 percent of sales in 2019 to 37 percent in 2025 (1.3 percent growth per year), and operating margins from 16 percent to 18 percent (2.4 percent growth per year).
Source-stated
Pearce finds that firms with higher R&D expenditure relative to sales in 2019 had larger subsequent operating-markup growth; firms with higher capital intensity did not show the same significant pattern.
firms with 10 percent more R&D expenditure relative to sales in 2019 saw about 0.7 percent higher operating-markup growth over 2019–2025, and 0.5 percent over 2022–2025. Firms with higher capital intensity did not see such a significant pattern.
Source-stated
Pearce leaves open whether rising margins reflect returns to significant investment in intangibles or a windfall for firms.
Whether these rising margins are returns to significant investment in intangibles or purely a windfall for firms is a topic to explore in future work.
Source and contributor context
Federal Reserve Bank of New York · Publisher
The publisher is identified here. No individual author has been inferred.
Source media
Media retrieval status: unchecked.
Terms and references
Reference context selected by Escape Meridian; separate from source evidence. Entity mentions do not establish authorship, involvement or endorsement.
Editorial provenance
Version 1. Publication ID: 3b108ed1-0d9e-9c6e-4816-c8721927e353.
Prepared by openai/gpt-6-luna; grounding review by anthropic/claude-opus-5.5.
Source check: uncertain by anthropic/claude-opus-5.5 on 2026-11-04T21:54:15.296Z. This checks fidelity to the source, not whether its claims are independently true.
Editorial selection: accept; reasons: bridge_screen.
Observation: 37dd92e48ccc9e5364ba2c3dc711655d17dad669a5bf6499ecda4655e085c9b2. Source text hash: 00c4b7c33ffbf8b8b8e3ba78c36386d357bcec2c606b160d2a2050258f78e082.
Revision and source-check history
Version 1 · 2026-11-04T21:58:23.597Z
Jeremy Pearce argues in Liberty Street Economics that profit margins widened
Jeremy Pearce’s post was published October 15, 2026. He examines whether firms captured a larger share of rising revenue per worker. Using U.S. Compustat firms across manufacturing and services, Pearce reports that real revenue per worker grew faster in 2019–2025 than in 2010–2019, alongside faster growth in nonfarm-business output per hour. He finds that gross and operating profit margins also increased in the later period. A profit margin is the share of sales a firm keeps after paying its costs. Higher revenue per worker alone cannot show whether workers or firms gained; Pearce says part of the gains surfaced in wider margins. Firms with higher R&D expenditure relative to sales in 2019 saw larger subsequent operating-markup growth, while firms with higher capital intensity did not show the same significant pattern. Pearce says this is consistent with returns to investment in intangibles. He ends by asking whether rising margins reflect significant investment in intangibles or a windfall for firms, a question he leaves for future work. The analysis excludes several industries because of productivity-measurement challenges.
Original source
Federal Reserve Bank of New York · Article
Source details
Original source date: Oct 15, 2026 (2026-10-15T11:00:00.000Z).
Date basis: Date supplied by the publisher’s feed.
Added to Escape Meridian: 2026-11-04T21:58:23.597Z. First observed: 2026-10-23T14:32:12.296Z. Retrieved: 2026-10-23T14:33:44.078Z.
Limits
Text as retrieved on October 23, 2026; originally published October 15, 2026. Pearce studies selected Compustat firms and excludes agriculture, utilities, finance, real estate, and public administration because of productivity-measurement challenges. The findings do not establish whether wider margins reflect returns to investment in intangibles or a windfall.
Open question
How much of the rise in profit margins reflects returns to investment in intangibles, and how much is a windfall for firms?
Source-stated
Pearce reports that U.S. nonfarm-business output per hour and Compustat real revenue per worker grew faster in 2019–2025 than in 2010–2019.
Nonfarm-business output per hour grew 1.0 percent a year from 2010 to 2019 and 2.2 percent a year from 2019 to 2025. In Compustat, I find a similar qualitative growth acceleration.
Source-stated
Pearce reports increases in both gross and operating profit margins between 2019 and 2025.
gross margins went from about 34 percent of sales in 2019 to 37 percent in 2025 (1.3 percent growth per year), and operating margins from 16 percent to 18 percent (2.4 percent growth per year).
Source-stated
Pearce finds that firms with higher R&D expenditure relative to sales in 2019 had larger subsequent operating-markup growth; firms with higher capital intensity did not show the same significant pattern.
firms with 10 percent more R&D expenditure relative to sales in 2019 saw about 0.7 percent higher operating-markup growth over 2019–2025, and 0.5 percent over 2022–2025. Firms with higher capital intensity did not see such a significant pattern.
Source-stated
Pearce leaves open whether rising margins reflect returns to significant investment in intangibles or a windfall for firms.
Whether these rising margins are returns to significant investment in intangibles or purely a windfall for firms is a topic to explore in future work.
Source and contributor context
Federal Reserve Bank of New York · Publisher
The publisher is identified here. No individual author has been inferred.
Source media
Media retrieval status: unchecked.
Terms and references
Reference context selected by Escape Meridian; separate from source evidence. Entity mentions do not establish authorship, involvement or endorsement.
Editorial provenance
Version 1. Publication ID: 3b108ed1-0d9e-9c6e-4816-c8721927e353.
Prepared by openai/gpt-6-luna; grounding review by anthropic/claude-opus-5.5.
Source check: uncertain by anthropic/claude-opus-5.5 on 2026-11-04T21:54:15.296Z. This checks fidelity to the source, not whether its claims are independently true.
Editorial selection: accept; reasons: bridge_screen.
Observation: 37dd92e48ccc9e5364ba2c3dc711655d17dad669a5bf6499ecda4655e085c9b2. Source text hash: 00c4b7c33ffbf8b8b8e3ba78c36386d357bcec2c606b160d2a2050258f78e082.
uncertain · 2026-11-04T21:54:15.296Z · anthropic/claude-opus-5.5
Publication: 3b108ed1-0d9e-9c6e-4816-c8721927e353
attribution — pass: The reading correctly attributes the post and its findings to Jeremy Pearce, a research economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, writing in Liberty Street Economics. Findings stay framed as his reports rather than established facts.
Jeremy Pearce is a research economist in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Research and Statistics Group.
summary — uncertain: The summary is faithful, but key terms are unexplained and no definitions are supplied. It never says Compustat covers public firms, and it does not explain intangibles, capital intensity, operating markup or nonfarm-business output per hour. It also leaves out Pearce's framing that rising margins fit ongoing declines in labor's share of output. That is the source's main stake for workers. Smallest repair: add 'public firms' for Compustat, gloss intangibles (e.g., R&D), and include the attributed labor-share sentence.
The increase in profit margins is consistent with ongoing declines in the labor share of output.
date — pass: The October 15, 2026 publication date matches the source dateline and originalPublished, and the retrieval date is also given. The modification timestamp falls on the same day, and the cited material is plainly part of the original post. Nothing in the reading relies on hindsight or on later events. The evidence is a publisher page, so no archive disclosure is needed.
October 15, 2026 Revenue per Worker Is Up. Are Firms Getting a Larger Share?
support — pass: Each claim matches the source text: the growth acceleration, the margin increases, the R&D versus capital intensity pattern, and the open question about intangibles versus windfall. The excluded industries and Pearce's 'consistent with' framing are both preserved. No benefits or costs are asserted beyond what the source states.
Part of the gains surfaced with wider profit margins: on a reasonable baseline, the operating margin rose over 2 percent a year from 2019 to 2025.
media — pass: No media candidates were supplied and no media is selected, so there is nothing to check for identity or relevance.
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